Cat litter box problems, solved

If your cat is suddenly going outside the box, treat it as a medical issue first and a behavior issue second. Urinary tract infections, crystals, and constipation all show up as "litter box rebellion" before any other sign.

Step 1 — Vet check

If going outside the box is new, schedule a urinalysis. Don't assume behavior until medical is ruled out. UTI signs your vet will check: blood in urine, frequent small pees, straining, crying in the box.

Step 2 — The box itself

• Number of boxes: one per cat + one extra. Two cats = 3 boxes. Yes really.
• Size: 1.5× the length of the cat (excluding tail). Most commercial boxes are too small.
• Type: covered boxes trap odor for you but trap it for the cat too. Most cats prefer uncovered.
• Location: quiet, not next to the washing machine, not next to food, not in a high-traffic hallway.

Step 3 — The litter

• Clumping unscented is the gold standard. Fragrance is for you, not the cat.
• Depth: 5–7 cm. Cats need to dig.
• Change schedule: scoop twice daily. Full change every 7 days (clumping) or 3 days (non-clumping).

Step 4 — Clean accidents thoroughly

Use an enzymatic cleaner — not bleach, not vinegar alone. Residual scent is an invitation to repeat. Pet store enzyme products (Nature's Miracle, Anti-Icky-Poo) work best.

Step 5 — If still happening after fixing the above

• Stress: new pet, new baby, moving furniture, change in routine
• Anxiety: try Feliway diffuser (synthetic pheromone) for 30 days
• Multiple cats: territorial dispute — separate boxes in different rooms

When to escalate to a behaviorist

• Spraying (standing, tail up, on vertical surfaces) — different problem than poor box use
• After 60 days of trying all of the above with no improvement